Self-consistent field theory is a method in statistical mechanics that is effective for the study of inhomogeneous polymer structures, typically block copolymer self-assembly. Some applications of self-consistent field theory related to the nanoscale structure of polymeric foams will be presented with the potential and limitations of the approach discussed. The nanometre length scales of structures will be shown to affect aspects such as surface tension, molecular weight or nanoparticle affinities for interfaces, nucleation barriers, classical nucleation theory predictions and solubilities of blowing agents.