Rigidity results for group von Neumann algebras with diffuse center
In the 30's F. Murray and J. von Neumann found a natural way to associate a von Neumann algebra L(G) to every countable group G. The problem of classifying L(G) in terms of G emerged as a natural but highly challenging endeavor. Von Neumann algebras tend to have very limited recollection of the underlying group---perhaps best illustrated by A. Connes' celebrated result ('76) asserting that all amenable groups with infinite nontrivial conjugacy classes (ICC) yield isomorphic von Neumann algebras. Consequently, in such cases, L(G) does not retain any additional information on G besides amenability. In the non-amenable case, the classification problem is wide-open and far more intricate. Over the past 10-15 years, Popa deformation/rigidity theory has unveiled instances when L(G) completely retains certain algebraic group properties of G. However, these results have predominantly focused on the case when the underlying groups G are ICC. In this talk we expand this line of inquiry, by introducing the first examples of non-amenable groups G with infinite center which, in a natural sense, are recognizable from their von Neumann algebras, L(G). Specifically, assume that G=A×W, where A is an infinite abelian group and W is an ICC wreath-like product group with property (T), trivial abelianization and torsion free outer automorphism group. Then whenever H is an arbitrary group such that L(G) is ∗-isomorphic to L(H), via an arbitrary ∗-isomorphism preserving the canonical traces, it must be the case that H=B×V where B is an infinite abelian group and V is a group isomorphic to W. Furthermore, we provide a complete description of the ∗-isomorphism between L(G) and L(H). This yields new applications to the classification of group C∗-algebras, including examples of non-amenable groups which are recoverable from their reduced C∗ -algebras but not from their von Neumann algebras. This is based on a recent joint work Adriana Fernandez I Quero and Hui Tan.